Endophytic fungi diversity of Kalimantan Siam 11 local rice cultivar

Abstract

Rice plant form mutualistic symbiosis with endophytic fungi. The endophytic fungi have important role in improving growth and health of the the rice plant as a host. The role of endophytic fungi in local rice cultivar in Indonesia has not been studied well. Therefore, this research aimed to study diversity of the endophytic fungi associate with the Kalimantan Siam 11 local rice cultivar. The fungi were isolated from all parts of mature plant consisting of roots, stems, leaves, brown rice, spikelets, and husks; germinated seeds which consists of radicles and celeoptiles; and seedling which consists of primary roots and shoots using the surface sterilization method. Fungi identification used combined morphological and molecular characteristics. Morphological identification carried out using colony and microscophic features, while moleculer identification used DNA sequences of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region with ITS1 and ITS4 primers and continued with phylogenetic analysis. A total of 13 species were isolated and identified from all part of the rice plant organs. The identified fungi were Cladosporium oxysporum, C. coloradense, Poaceascoma lochii, Penicillium brefeldianum, P. citrinum, Talaromyces pinophilus, T. angelicus, T. macrosporus, Simplicillium obclavacum, Fusarium humuli, and F. keratoplasticum strain 1 and 2, Pseudopestalotiopsis simithheae and Sarocladium oryzae. All parts of the rice plant organs inhabited by endophytic fungi except germinated seed and seedling primary roots. The highest fungi diversity was found in the leaves whereas the lowest diversity was observed in the husks.